dc.contributor.author | Ahmed Rafa, Gaith | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-09-30T08:56:23Z | |
dc.date.available | 2020-09-30T08:56:23Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2020 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://repository.limu.edu.ly/handle/123456789/2079 | |
dc.description | Oral contraceptives, the most common form of effective and reversible
contraception in the United States (1), significantly decrease the personal and
societal burdens associated with unintended or unwanted pregnancy (2, 3). Oral
contraceptives also have significant noncontraceptive health benefits such as
improving acne and regulating dysmenorrhea (4–7). However, oral
contraceptive use is not without risks. Many studies show serious adverse
events associated with oral contraceptive use including venous
thromboembolic disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke (4-7).
Assessing the risk of cancer associated with oral contraceptive use is fraught
with difficulties. For example, cancer is a disease with a long latency period,
and the time between exposure to oral contraceptives and diagnosis of cancer
may span decades. Also, temporal variations in oral contraceptive
formulations available on the market and used over a woman's lifetime may
influence associations between cancer risk and oral contraceptive use.
Furthermore, patterns of oral contraceptive use over a lifetime may be
influenced by factors that also affect cancer risks (e.g., gravidity, parity,
breastfeeding). Duration of oral contraceptive use or length of time since
ceasing use (i.e., recency) may also modify the risk of cancers associated
with oral contraceptives .
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, sponsored by the
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to inform the use of oral
contraceptives to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. In addition to the primary
question regarding ovarian cancer, we also addressed other harms and
benefits of oral contraceptive use. In this article, we examine the evidence for
associations between oral contraceptive use and the risks of developing
cancer in cervical region , When possible. | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Oral contraceptives may influence the risk of certain cancers. As part of the
AHRQ Evidence Report, Oral Contraceptive Use for the Primary Prevention
of Ovarian Cancer, we conducted a systematic review to estimate
associations between oral contraceptive use and breast, cervical, colorectal,
and endometrial cancer incidence. We searched PubMed, Embase, and
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Study inclusion criteria were
women taking oral contraceptives for contraception or ovarian cancer
prevention; includes comparison group with no oral contraceptive use; study
reports quantitative associations between oral contraceptive exposure and
relevant cancers; controlled study or pooled patient-level meta-analyses;
sample size for nonrandomized studies ≥100; peer-reviewed, English-
language; published from January 1, 2000 forward. Random-effects meta-
analyses were conducted by estimating pooled ORs with 95% confidence
intervals (CIs). 12 Cervical cancers studies were included in this report .
results show a higher risk associated with more recent use of oral
contraceptives. Risk of cervical cancer was increased with duration of oral
contraceptive use in women with human papillomavirus infection. | en_US |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.publisher | faculty of Basic Medical Science - Libyan International Medical University | en_US |
dc.rights | Attribution 3.0 United States | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/ | * |
dc.title | Relation between oral contraceptives and cervical cancer | en_US |
dc.type | Other | en_US |