Epidemiological and basic science evidence suggest a possible shared pathophysiology between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimers disease (AD). It has even been hypothesized that AD might be ‘type 3. We examined ...

Hashimoto Thyroiditis (HT), also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed, that result in hypothyroidism. It should be noted that the thyroid ...

NMDA-type glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate a Ca2+-permeable component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). They are expressed throughout the CNS and play ...

Skin cancer among Africans is rare, and albinism in this population is a known risk of skin cancer. There are two main types of albinism which are ocular albinism and oculocutaneous albinism. Ultraviolet radiation at the ...

Atopic diseases are common worldwide health problems and because of their genetic nature, a lot of studies investigate how to prevent the development of such diseases by adjusting the environmental factors that might ...

The thyroid diseases are the most common disorders that effect the women in reproductive period due to several factors. However, if thyroid dysfunction is not treated or delayed in diagnosis in early pregnancy, they will ...

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a complex, multifactorial, and intriguing disorder. The consequences that can ensue from alcohol consumption, besides amount, dose, and stage of alcohol exposure, only 5% of alcohol drinking ...

A combination of systemic autoimmunity and tissue response to immune injury underlie renal involvement in lupus erythematosus. In lupus glomerulonephritis, glomerular immune complexes were believed to be the primary ...

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrinological disorder, it is associated with familial syndromes, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), this syndrome is caused by inactivating mutation of the ...

The term Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE) was coined by the French dermatologist Ferdinand-Jean, due to its characteristic yellow tone of skin, it is a genetically determined autosomal recessive disorder involving the ABCC6 ...

Background: Bee venom therapy (BVT) is a biotoxin, using bee products like honey, pollen, and bee venom to prevent or cure illness and enhance healing. It also helps to treat many diseases like arthritis, back pain, skin ...

Hemolytic Transfusion reaction is an adverse reaction associated with transfusion of blood products; transfusion reaction may be acute or delayed (chronic). Acute transfusion those temporarily associated with transfusion ...

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is an uncommon lung disease with an accumulation of pulmonary surfactant within pulmonary alveoli that causes progressive respiratory insufficiency. The majority of the cases of pulmonary ...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive disease of the nervous system affecting ones movement. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. PD is characterized by cardinal ...

HIV is one of the main infectious diseases that infect millions of people around the world and the major cause of AIDS, even though great efforts have been made in the prevention and therapy of HIV-1 infection, HIV-1/AIDS ...

A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is an RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. They play a role in the ...

Our cells response to low oxygen tension (hypoxia) by transcriptional induction of a series of genes, this induction is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which are family of transcription factors consist of ...

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common complex congenital malformations resulting from failure of the neural tube closure during embryogenesis, a lot of studies established that folic acid supplementation decreases the ...