Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections in adult patients by gram stain

Abstract

UTIs are one of the most common bacterial infections, and they make up a significant amount of clinical microbiology laboratories' workload. Enteric bacteria is the most common cause of UTIs (Escherichia coli). Antimicrobial resistance is on the rise, particularly resistance to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, which has been reported in E.coli.

Urinalysis is useful for excluding bacteriuria, although urinalysis, urine culture, and Gram stain are required for outpatients with recurrent or complex UTIs, as well as inpatients with UTIs.