CRISPR Cas 9 and Gene Editing
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Date
2020-03-12
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faculty of Basic Medical Science - Libyan International Medical University
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas)
protein 9 system offers a strong and multiplexable genome editing tool, permitting researchers to
manipulate precise genomic elements, and facilitating the elucidation of target gene function in
biology and diseases.
Description
Over the years Genome editing has provided scientists with the ability to change an organisms
DNA. A number of strategies for genome editing have been developed such as Homologous
recombination, Transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALENs), and Zinc finger
nucleases (ZFN), all of which have been associated with challenges most important of which is
their restricted application and difficulty in construction.(1)
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) unlike its predecessors is a
straightforward technology with little assembly needed. CRISPRs are classes of repeated DNA
sequences that act simultaneously with CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes towards foreign invading
nucleotides such as phages and plasmids meditating bacterial and archaeal immunity. There are
three forms of CRISPR/Cas systems recognized thus far, the type II system being the most
extensively studied.
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