Chimeric Antigen-Receptor T Cells Immunotherapy (CAR T Cells Immunotherapy)
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Date
2019-03-12
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faculty of Basic Medical Science - Libyan International Medical University
Abstract
Cancer has been identified as the most common cause of death worldwide.
Throughout the past years, numerous traditional treatments and cytotoxic
immunotherapies for neoplastic diseases have been developed. Considering the
behavior of the tumors and the involvement of several genetic and cellular factors and
basis in the growth of the tumor and its metastasis, there must be a promising
immunotherapy to target the tumor at genetic and cellular levels. One of these
immunotherapies is the adoptive T cell transfer (ACT), this report will cover one type
of this method, which is CAR T cells, including components, materials used to initiate
the treatment, mechanism of action, and its side effects.
Description
Researches have shown clinically effective approaches to cancer immunotherapy, for
example monoclonal antibodies directed against CTLA-4 and PD-1, which are
inhibitory to costimulatory response of the T cells, and antibodies against these
proteins block their inhibitory response(1). And by doing complicated ex vivo culture
and cellular engineering approaches to adoptive T cell transfer (ACT), which is
another form of immunotherapy(2)
.
ACT is a new branch of transfusion medicine that involves the infusion of
lymphocytes to express antitumor, antiviral, or anti-inflammatory effects. Three
forms of ACT are being developed as cancer therapy; including tumor-infiltrating
lymphocytes (TILs), T cell receptor (TCR) T cells, and CAR T cells(2)
.
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