Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease
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Date
2018-06-30
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faculty of Basic Medical Science - Libyan International Medical University
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation is the surgical procedure of choice for patients with advanced
Parkinson's disease. Neurosurgical procedures use electrical stimulation of small
targets in the brain by use of a pacemaker-like device to deliver constant stimulation.
Most neurosurgery for Parkinson's disease has been done on the thalamus, globus
pallidus pars interna, or subthalamic nucleus. High frequency stimulation improves
all cardinal features of PD, including resting tremor. This benefit in the parkinsonian
symptoms allows a drastic reduction in daily levodopa requirements. Dyskinesias
become drastically attenuated, possibly as a consequence of reduced dopaminergic
medication, thus avoiding the problems associated with standard levodopa
replacement therapy
Description
Parkinson's disease is caused in part by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the
substantia nigra pars compacta; the resultant abnormal neuronal oscillatory and
synchronous activity between the subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus interna, and
cerebral cortex leads to increasing problems with tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and
postural disturbances. Levodopa and other dopaminergic drugs relieve these
movement disorders, but dyskinesia and motor fluctuations develop years later
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Except where otherwised noted, this item's license is described as Attribution 3.0 United States